drugs and their dangers: Drug use in adolescence and its impact on the family

introduction

The present study refers to a research about chemical dependence in adolescence, its impact on the family, and especiallythe role of the family in the treatment process of the teenager. To this end, we seek in the first chapter met in a brief historythe transformations suffered by a teenager in this transitional phase, we point out the role of the family moving axle whilesocial relations of these individuals and we close with a discussion of drug use in adolescence.

It is understood that adolescence is a phase of life conflicted due to biological and psychological transformationsexperienced. Arise from the oddities, the questions, the desire to know, to experience the new even knowing the risks, and afeeling of being able to take their own decisions.

Is the time when the adolescent seeks identity, no longer relying only on parental guidance, but also in relationships thatbuilds with the social group in which it is inserted, especially the Group of friends.

By the way, Nery Filho and Torres (2002), point out that friendship becomes a relationship of specific people in which theadolescent creates new affective bonds, thereby establishing a social circle small and homogeneous, in which young peoplefind their own identity in the process of social interaction.

We also perform an analysis of the family institution, which is the axis that drives social relations of individuals. In this way, we understand that the family as an institution should be known socializadora since their first models of Constitution tomore contemporary molds where its structure takes various forms.

The bourgeois nuclear family was and is one of the best-known molds of family structure, in which the papers are categorically defined where the father is the breadwinner and head of the House and the mother takes on the role of wifeand she is assigned to childrearing and household organization. That family that it wasn't made up in such a way wasstigmatized as unstructured or incomplete.

The process of modernisation of the models of family is stigmatized with the entry of women into the labour market andcomplementing domestic income. From there, changes in the family as claims Sarti (2003 p. 43), relate to the loss of thesense of tradition. This process was driven primarily by women, from a fundamental historical fact: the possibility ofplayback control that allowed the woman to the reformulation of its place in the private sphere and their participation in the public sphere.

Currently, we can observe the most diverse forms of family organization, where there are remarriages and the Union ofhomosexuals. Marriages are no longer motivated by the Union of families and by affection, the woman won their freedom of sexual expression, there is no requirement of virginity for the matrimonial bond, etc.

To start the discussion about the use of drugs in their teens seek support in the most diverse authors who could allowclarification of questions that are part of our daily life and which are so little explored in family and social context.

The drug appears in adolescence often as a bridge that allows the establishment of social bonds, providing the individualthe belonging to a certain group of equals, while seeking new ideals and new bonds, other than your family of origin group(Nery Filho and Torres, 2002 p. 31)

Weevil (1996 p. 163) believes that in a situation of drug addiction among teenagers, the family can help by recognizing its share of participation in what is occurring. Deposit all responsibility on the teenager, or as stated by Scivoletto (2002 p. 72)in "bad company", not only does not solve the problem, but also doesn't seem very consistent with reality.

The author also says that drug use often becomes vehicle where the teenager screams for absent limits. "The teenager has to be limited, allowing it to develop is not letting you do whatever you want". However, many families tend to ignore the fact, recognizing the problematic only when this gets worse and flees from the control.

Discovering that the teenager is using drugs, some parents tend to feel guilty, questioning where they screwed up in his son's education, the reason of this fact be happening with them since they never miss anything at home. Other parentsseeking admission for their children waiting for an immediate cure method. There are some who receive the news accusingthe social group to which the child belongs.

There are some cases where it becomes common to have families at home a "farmacinha" with painkillers, sleeping pills, in which people are taking, often without medical prescription, thinking in a chemical solution to their problems or simply to relax.

There is also the alcohol that is commonly used in the diminutive as beer, whisky and others as a way to amenizarem theirevils. These elements are not regarded as drugs. And for the son to see dad get drunk and get high with sleeping pillsbecomes normal.

As States Scivoletto (2002 p. 72) in his studies about the psychiatric treatment of adolescent drug users and the role of the family in this treatment, the nuclear family is usually frightened and disoriented as to approach the problem, Nery Filho andTorres (2002 p. 29) complete saying "and. .. In addition to feelings of anguish, despair and powerlessness in the family,seeks a culprit for what, in General, happens to be a family drama ".

When the family seeks guidance, informs and demystifies concepts stigmatized by common sense, the possibilities foradvancement in the adolescent treatment process are considerable,

In this sense the family follow-up during treatment adolescents, regardless of model approached, will resonate in thepositive results of the process of user awareness, and mainly, the family accumulates knowledge and creates conditions to establish a healthier family get-together.

In the second chapter we held a discussion on the treatment of chemical dependency of the adolescent and the importanceof monitoring the effectiveness of the same family. We note that one of the first obstacles on such discussion is thediagnosis of adolescent dependency, in which it is often confused with the rebellion phase itself. We also noticed that there is still no specific treatment for this stage of life, so that the model of treatment applied to adults is the same targeted to teens.

We understand that this fact undermines the possibilities for advancement in treating adolescents, which differs from theadult is in full development process both organic as social. Thus, we realize, there is a need for advances in the process oftreatment of chemical dependency in adolescence, which is currently seen as a matter of public health.

We also discussed about the current social public policies in the area of chemical dependency articulated by the Ministry of health in conjunction with mental health agencies, in particular those of alcohol and other drugs, and among them theCAP's ad. Finally, we perform data analysis and methodological procedures used in the research.

1 drug use in adolescence and family relationships

1.1 Childhood and transition period-brief history

Adolecer word comes from the Latin and means "grow, thicken, become greater, coming of age" (TIBA, 1985), the new dictionary Aurélio da língua portuguesa (HOLANDA FERREIRA, 1975), says that a teenager is the one that "is at the beginning, which has not yet reached full force".

Outeiral (1994 p. 06) defines adolescence as

A Word with dual etymological origin and features very well the peculiarities of this stage of life. She comes from the Latinad (a,) and olecer (grow), meaning the condition of growth process. In summary the individual able to grow. Adolescencealso derives from the adolescer, Word gets sick, we have therefore, in this dual etymological origin, an element to think about this stage of life: ability to grow (not just in the physical sense, but also psychic) and to get sick (in terms of emotional distress, with biological and mental transformations that operate in this range of life).

Nery Filho and Torres (2002) show that adolescence is a period of profound transformations that enforces the young great demands of adaptations, is an immense stage existential crises, where the teenager goes through a stage of insecurity byfeeling compelled to leave the starting point at which historical references are broken and a new path.

The teenager is a traveler who left a place and has not yet reached the next. Live a gap between previous freedoms and responsibilities/subsequent appointments; live one last hesitation before serious commitments of adulthood (LOSACCO,2005 p. 69).

According to Scivoletto (2004, p. 34), adolescence is a phase where everyone is looking for its own identity. Is the time when they want to be recognized for being themselves and no longer somebody's son. Are beginning to question the rulesof the House, try to choose his own path. In search of his identity are ideas and ideals, leaving themselves to mirror only onparents to get swayed also by the Group of friends.

Aberastury apud Freitas (2002 p. 36), defines adolescence as:

A pivotal moment of the life of man and is the decisive stage of a process of detachment that began with the birth.

The psychological changes that produce in this period, and that are the counterpart of body modifications, lead to a new relationship with the parents and the world. This is possible only if it draws up, slowly and painfully, the fight for children'sbody, by the children's identity and the relationship with the parents in childhood.

Knobel apud Freitas (2002 p. 37) calls the normal Syndrome children's mourning of adolescence.

Search for himself and temporal identity; manifestation of sexual evolution that will the auto-eroticism to heterosexualityadult genital; antisocial or asocial behaviour of different intensity; contradictions of conduct dominated by action, andwhich constitute a new form of expression.

The grieving process always embraces a sense of sadness and lack of interest by the outside world, however, this cannot beviewed as a pathology similar to those of a sickness. It is important to note, that the immense transformations during thisperiod not only establishes itself with the teenager, the family also goes through a process of estrangement in the face ofsuch phase.

Second Outeiral (1994 p. 16) one of the core tasks of adolescence is the independização. This is not a break with the family,but rather the transformation of children's ties to relationship for another type of bond more mature, more independentand more adult.

According to Freitas (2002), parents who all of a sudden they have a child and faces a teenager, often feel lost. The maturity of the children always causes us parents a conflicting condition, because from this moment on, must abandon the expectations and image that they create for themselves in front of the child.

When parents agree that the son needs to show that it's someone with a mind of its own and independent, this phaseoccurs in a more calm. However, many parents may feel disempowered and tend to push harder the son, which can start a real tug-of-war (SCIVOLETTO, 2004, p. 34).

As Boiler (1999 p. 16), the first protests usually occur in the family environment, where the teenager begins to question theirbehaviors are enforced as if they were laws and shall require the family and the environment that surrounds it, coherentanswers to his questions. This means the individual's entry into a new reality, with which he will relate to particular form andthat will allow you to recognize itself as a subject.

It is in this attempt that the individual may experience different situations, by abstracting these experiences for you, a new meaning for her life, redefining feelings and values. Of course this new self-awareness brings with it a series of experimentsfirst, consciously and/or unconsciously, marked the lived in childhood this individual. And is this new guy who, within the context in which he lives, will assume new forms to position itself in the face of life and of taking responsibility for yourself.

In the opinion of Grynberg and Kalina (2002, p. 17) in adolescence the world unfolds, is a leap overlooking a Renaissance, in which this question known family life, the traditional concepts, rules and pre-established standards, in search of somethingthat is actually yours.

This way your teenager starts to figure out what was wrongly imposed, the pressures coming don't know where, and that much of that believed to belong – feelings, expectations, opinions, objectives – really doesn't concern some. He created them. Got them ready, as if they were the commandments of the law.

Culturally we live in a society that on the one hand promotes a set of clearly defined standards, tightly framed behaviorsand unquestionable dogma. On the other hand, boasts an alleged policy acceptance and reception of an entire youth culture. This type of disorientation in the deep forge duality teenager, so that every attempt to bring the egg whites theirrenewed expressions, rises against him a range of pressures and constraints.

Minelli (2005) States that there are three aspects of this transition that can be singled out: the change of the relationshipwith the parents, the establishment of new relations and integration to the Group of friends. Emancipation to parents is atension between two opposing forces, parental controls and child's wish to release him and achieve their independence.This is the stage of life during which experiences an irresistible need to rebel against authority and seek independence.

Therefore, the child who recently received without question the reprimands from their parents, obey your precepts andenjoyed his company, becomes suddenly in a young insubordinate and talk back, which rejects its guidelines, infringes itsdisciplinary standards and prefers to walk alone or with friends, to share with your parents the family activities.